Pregnancy is an incredible journey that brings about significant changes in a woman’s body week by week. While every pregnancy is unique, there are common symptoms and milestones that many expectant mothers experience across each trimester. Understanding these changes can help you know what to expect, prepare for medical appointments, and recognize when to seek medical care.
First Trimester (Weeks 1–13)
The first trimester is often when the most noticeable early pregnancy symptoms begin. These changes are primarily driven by rising levels of hormones such as progesterone and hCG.
- Missed period – Often the first sign of pregnancy.
- Fatigue and mood changes – Due to hormonal shifts and increased energy demands.
- Nausea and morning sickness – Can occur at any time of day, often easing after week 12.
- Breast tenderness and swelling – Caused by hormonal changes preparing the body for breastfeeding.
- Light cramping or spotting – May occur during implantation.
Many women also experience food cravings or aversions during this stage. For a deeper understanding, read our guide on early pregnancy symptoms.
Second Trimester (Weeks 14–27)
Often referred to as the “honeymoon phase” of pregnancy, the second trimester usually brings relief from nausea and fatigue. This is also when many women begin to show visible signs of pregnancy.
- Increased energy levels – Many women feel better and more active during this period.
- Baby’s movements (quickening) – Usually felt between weeks 18–22 as fluttering or kicks.
- Round ligament pain – A sharp or aching pain in the lower abdomen caused by stretching ligaments.
- Skin changes – Darkening of the areolas, linea nigra (dark line on the belly), or “pregnancy glow.”
- Back pain – As the uterus expands and posture shifts.
This is also when most expectant parents undergo the anatomy scan, an ultrasound that checks fetal development. Learn more about ultrasound accuracy and its role in pregnancy dating.
Third Trimester (Weeks 28–40)
The final trimester prepares both the mother’s body and the baby for birth. Symptoms are often more physical as the uterus expands and the baby grows rapidly.
- Shortness of breath – The uterus presses against the diaphragm as the baby grows.
- Swelling (edema) – Common in ankles, feet, and hands due to fluid retention.
- Frequent urination – Caused by the baby pressing on the bladder.
- Difficulty sleeping – Due to discomfort, back pain, and increased bathroom trips.
- Labor signs – Braxton Hicks contractions, cervical changes, water breaking, and regular contractions.
Every pregnancy progresses differently, but most women deliver between weeks 37 and 42. If you’re curious about when you might go into labor, try our Pregnancy Due Date Calculator for an estimate.
When to Call Your Doctor
While many symptoms are normal, certain warning signs require immediate medical attention. Contact your healthcare provider if you experience:
- Severe abdominal pain or cramping
- Heavy bleeding or clotting
- Sudden swelling of the face, hands, or feet
- Severe headaches or blurred vision
- Decreased fetal movement (after week 28)
Conclusion
Pregnancy symptoms vary from person to person and even from one pregnancy to the next. By understanding the common week-by-week changes, you can better prepare for the months ahead, monitor your health, and communicate effectively with your healthcare provider. Remember, due date calculators and general guides are helpful, but personalized medical advice from your doctor is always best.
➡️ Estimate your pregnancy timeline with our Pregnancy Due Date Calculator and explore our full week by week guide for detailed insights.